吐槽《科學(xué)》125前沿科學(xué)問(wèn)題

2021年9月24日 | Filed under: 要聞點(diǎn)評(píng),文獻(xiàn)綜合 | Posted by: 路人丙

OIP-C

《科學(xué)》雜志繼2005年提出125個(gè)科學(xué)前沿問(wèn)題后今年再度提出125個(gè)問(wèn)題。因?yàn)檫@些問(wèn)題基本沒(méi)有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案所以我也可以斗膽吐槽一下。顯然我不可能對(duì)任何一個(gè)問(wèn)題有什么深入的見(jiàn)解，但今天忙了一天不想寫(xiě)嚴(yán)肅東西了。雙星號(hào)后面黑體字為我的回答，一半認(rèn)真、一半吐槽，供各位讀者周末輕松一下。

Chemistry
化學(xué)

1. Are there more color pigments to discover?
1.還有更多色彩元素可發(fā)現(xiàn)嗎？
**Yes, if you define new pigments as materials with a different absorption wave length.
2. Will the periodic table ever be complete?
2.元素周期表會(huì)完整嗎？
**That will depend on how hard chemists work. If transient elements under extreme conditions are to be counted the periodic table could be very large.
3. How can we measure interface phenomena on the microscopic level?
3.如何在微觀層面測(cè)量界面現(xiàn)象？
**As we did in measuring bulk phenomena
4. What is the future for energy storage？
4.能量存儲(chǔ)的未來(lái)是怎樣的？
**Either we figure out this one or we do not have a future
5. Why does life require chirality?
5.為什么生命需要手性？
**Even synthetic chemists require chirality, so why not? A racemic life is like having a twin sister, who may steal your boy friends so why keep the other enantiomer
6. How can we better manage the world's plastic waste?
6.我們?nèi)绾胃玫毓芾硎澜缟系乃芰蠌U物？
**By training more chemists.
7. Will AI redefine the future of chemistry?
7.AI會(huì)重新定義化學(xué)的未來(lái)嗎？
**Maybe, but AI might be redefined by chemistry first
8. How can matter be programmed into living materials?
8.物質(zhì)如何被編碼而成為生命材料？
**Totally synthetic cells are totally possible
9. What drives reproduction in living systems?
9.是什么驅(qū)動(dòng)生命系統(tǒng)的復(fù)制？
**Survival bias maybe. If you cannot reproduce you would be observed by the people who ask this question

Medicine & Health
醫(yī)學(xué)與健康

1. Can we predict the next pandemic?
1.我們可以預(yù)測(cè)下一次流行病嗎？
**Qualitatively yes, quantitatively no. Human interactions are next to impossible to avoid so pandemic will always be a possibility, but like wild fires the trigger and timing are difficult to predict.
2. Will we ever find a cure for the common cold?
2.我們會(huì)找到治療感冒的方法嗎？
**Yes. Modern medicine is only 100 years old and forever is a very long time.
3. Can we design and manufacture medicines customized for individual people?
3.我們可以設(shè)計(jì)和制造出為個(gè)人定制的藥物嗎？
**Yes, it already exists. Its name is milasen
4. Can a human tissue or organ be fully regenerated?
4.人體組織或器官可以完全再生嗎？
**Yes. My liver today is composed of cells that my teenage year liver had not seen. Google the Ship of Theseus
5. How is immune homeostasis maintained and regulated?
5.如何維持和調(diào)節(jié)免疫穩(wěn)態(tài)？
**Don’t know, but glad it does
6. Is there a scientific basis to the Meridian System in traditional Chinese medicine?
6.中醫(yī)的經(jīng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)有科學(xué)依據(jù)嗎？
**Don’t ask, don’t tell
7. How will the next generation of vaccines be made?
7.下一代疫苗將如何生產(chǎn)？
**Are you living under a rock? Did you not see where capital went in the last 12 months? mRNA!
8. Can we ever overcome antibiotic resistance?
8.我們能否克服抗生素耐藥性？
**Yes, but we will have to keep doing it like we bath every day
9. What is the etiology of autism?
9.自閉癥的病因是什么？
**Good question
10. What role does our microbiome play in health and disease?
10.我們的微生物組在健康和疾病中扮演什么角色？
**A better question may be what role we play in the health of microbiome. Go watch Lilo and Stich
11. Can xenotransplantation solve the shortage of donor organs?
11.異種移植能否解決供體器官的短缺問(wèn)題？
**This, I believe

Biology
生命科學(xué)

1. What could help conservation of the oceans?
1.什么可以幫助保護(hù)海洋？
**Consume with moderation
2. Can we stop ourselves from aging?
2.我們可以阻止自己衰老嗎？
**Likely, but be careful with what you wish
3. Why can only some cells become other cells?
3.為什么只有一些細(xì)胞會(huì)變成其他細(xì)胞？
**You mean under physiological conditions? Why does goalkeeper not also serve the corner kicks?
4. Why are some genomes so big and others very small?
4.為什么有些基因組非常大而另一些卻很小？
**A small apartment is enough for some to live, a big mansion cannot contain some egos.
5. Will it be possible to cure all cancers?
5.有可能治愈所有癌癥嗎？
**Definitely. People need to know there are worse diseases
6. What genes make us uniquely human?
6.哪些基因使我們?nèi)祟?lèi)與眾不同？
**What gives coca cola its unique taste?
7. How do migratory animals know where they're going?
7.遷徙動(dòng)物如何知道它們要去哪里？
**By killing those who don’t
8. How many species are there on Earth?
8.地球上有多少物種？
**A lot
9. How do organisms evolve?
9.有機(jī)體是如何進(jìn)化的？
**The combination of the ability to generate diversity and ruthless selection can make wonders
10. Why did dinosaurs grow to be so big?
10.為什么恐龍長(zhǎng)得如此之大？
**Human-centric question. Why are humans so small?
11. Did ancient humans interbreed with other human-like ancestors?
11.遠(yuǎn)古人類(lèi)是否曾與其他類(lèi)人祖先雜交？
**They most likely did
12. Why do humans get so attached to dogs and cats?
12.人類(lèi)為什么會(huì)對(duì)貓狗如此著迷？
**Because they don’t talk back
13. Will the world's population keep growing indefinitely?
13.世界人口會(huì)無(wú)限增長(zhǎng)嗎？
**Are you kidding? Watch the slogans on the street
14. Why do we stop growing?
14.我們?yōu)槭裁磿?huì)停止生長(zhǎng)？
**We learned from dinosaurs
15. Is de-extinction possible?
15.能否復(fù)活滅絕生物？
**It would certainly be easier than creating life from scratch
16. Can humans hibernate?
16.人類(lèi)可以冬眠嗎？
**I can
17. Where do human emotions originate?
17.人類(lèi)的情感源于何處？
**Tricky question
18. Will humans look physically different in the future?
18.未來(lái)人類(lèi)的外貌會(huì)有所不同嗎？
**On average we look 30 pounds different from the past, so likely
19. Why were there species explosions and mass extinction?
19.為什么會(huì)發(fā)生物種大爆發(fā)和大滅絕？
**Why not?
20. How might genome editing be used to cure disease?
20.基因組編輯將如何用于治療疾病？
**It is being done already by correcting faulty genes
21. Can a cell be artificially synthesized?
21.可以人工合成細(xì)胞嗎？
**The simplest live cells contain only 300 some genes. Total synthesis of cells should be achievable
22. How are biomolecules organized in cells to function orderly and effectively?
22.細(xì)胞內(nèi)的生物分子是如何組織從而有序有效發(fā)揮作用的？
**Diversity and selection can make wonders